Fraser-Pryce, who won gold medals in 2008 and 2012, had said this will be her fifth and final Olympics.
She advanced easily through the first round the day before, finishing second in her first-round heat in 10.92 seconds.
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Earlier in the day, Fraser-Pryce was one of several athletes blocked from entering the training track, the Jamaica team said on its social media site.
The team said she was eventually let in.
Paris organisers said she merely came to the wrong gate, and had to go to a different one to get into the practice area.
Fraser-Pryce has a total of eight Olympic medals, including gold in the 4x100 at the Tokyo Games in 2021. She also has 16 medals at world championships, including five titles in the 100m, the most recent of which came in 2022.
Her departure left the 100m without all three Jamaicans who swept the podium in Tokyo.
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